History of Research on Tumor Angiogenesis

Chapter 1: 1.1 Early evidence of the vascular phase and its importance in tumor growth; 1.2 Early evidence of tumor cells releasing specific growth factors for blood vessels; 1.3 Tumors in isolated perfused organs: absence of angiogenesis; 1.4 The avascular and the vascular phases of solid tumor growth;

Chapter 2: 2.1 Isolation of the first angiogenic tumor factor; 2.2 The discovery of basic fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor-2; 2.3 The discovery of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor; 2.4 The discovery of angiopoietins;

Chapter 3: 3.1 How do tumor cells switch to the angiogenic phenotype ?; 3.2 The concept of angiogenic switch; 3.3 Factors involved in the angiogenic switch; 3.4 What is the evidence that genetic instability promotes the angiogenic switch ?

Chapter 4: 4.1 Tumor endothelial cells features; 4.2 Tumor basement membrane; 4.3 Tumor pericytes;

Chapter 5: 5.1 Tumor lymphangiogenesis;

Chapter 6: 6.1 The contribution of inflammatory cells to tumor angiogenesis;

Chapter 7: 7.1 The role of endothelial progenitor cells in tumor angiogenesis. The first isolation of putative endothelial progenitor cells; 7.2 Characterization of endothelia progenitor cells; 7.3 Triggers and inhibitors of endothelial progenitor cells to sites of active neovascularisation; 7.4 The transplantation models to study endothelial progenitor cells; 7.5 The identification of bone marrow-derived multipotent progenitor cells; 7.6 Monocyte/macrophage as a source of endothelial progenitor cells; 7.7 Contribution of endothelial progenitor cells to tumor angiogenesis;

Chapter 8: 8.1 Tumor microvascular density as a prognostic indicator; 8.2 Use of panendothelial cell markers; 8.3 Topography; 8.4 Certain human tumor types can exhibit lower microvascular density that the corresponding normal tissues; 8.5 Prognostic value of microvascular density; 8.6 The relationship between microvascular density and intercapillary distance;

Chapter 9: 9.1 Inhibitors of angiogenesis; 9.2 Metronomic chemotherapy; 9.3 Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors; 9.4 Inhibitors of VEGF; 9.5 Antiangiogenic monoclonal antibodies: towards the discovery of Avastin; 9.6 Microvascular density has not been shown to be a valid measurement to guide or evaluate antiangiogenic treatment; 9.7. Perspectives;

References