Reference

Each national bank must submit to the Office of the Comptroller of theCurrency (OCC) various reports revealing its financial condition or the resultsof its operations. This information, which is...

Any national banking association may make real estate loans, subject to the lawset forth at 12 USC 371 and 12 CFR 34. Those loans generally can be defined asloans primarily secured by real property...

The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (RESPA) (12 USC 2601 et seq.) (the act) became effective on June 20, 1975. The act requires lenders, mortgage brokers, or servicers of home loans to...

This section sets forth guidance for examiners reviewing bank nondepositinvestment product retail sales operations, including bank-related marketingand promotional activities. Examiners will review a...

It is usually impractical or impossible to review all items or files when examining an area of bank operations, especially if the volume of information is large. Examiners use sampling to observe a...

The purpose of the Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) is to report known or suspected violations of law or suspicious activity observed by financial institutions subject to the regulations of the Bank...

On October 26, 2001, the President of the United States signed into law the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT...

The financial performance of federally chartered institutions improved in 2013. The federal banking system set a new record level of net income in 2013, but this took seven years and $1.5 trillion...

The Financial Management Service (FMS) is a bureau of the United States Department of the Treasury. FMS performs many of the fundamental cash management functions that were delegated to Treasury when...

The strategic plan describes the OCC's strategic goals and objectives for carrying out its mission during the next five years. The plan provides a road map for how the OCC will ensure a safe and...

The United States Constitution (Article 1, Section 5, clause 1) provides each House of Congress with the sole authority to establish rules, judge membership requirements, and punish and expel Members...

National Security Letters (NSLs) are roughly comparable to administrative subpoenas. Various intelligence agencies use them to demand certain customer information from communications providers,...

Five federal statutes authorize intelligence officials to request certain business record information in connection with national security investigations. The authority to issue these national...

The offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico provide a setting for domestic and international energy production, U.S. military training and border operations, trade and commerce, fishing, tourist...

The U.S. government considers its relationship with Nigeria, Africa's largest producer of oil and its second largest economy, to be among the most important on the continent. Nigeria is Africa's most...

This guide, prepared by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), is intended to provide an introduction to tribal ownership of national banks. The OCC encourages tribes and national banks...

The TILA, 15 USC 1601 et seq., was enacted on May 29, 1968, as title I of the Consumer Credit Protection Act (Public Law 90-321). The TILA, implemented by Regulation Z (12 CFR 226), became effective...

This booklet describes unique assets and hard-to-value assets, risks associated with investing or holding these assets, and the fiduciary role in managing these assets. This booklet provides guidance...

This paper compares key characteristics of banking systems across countries. A basic premise underlying our review is that the increasing globalization of banking and finance mandate a broad,...

Rapid growth in subprime lending over the past decade has led to rising concerns about abusivepractices by subprime lenders. By early 2004, those concerns prompted Georgia and more than 30 other...

Lenders use rating and scoring models to rank credit applicants on their expected performance. The models and approaches are numerous. We explore the possibility that estimates generated by models...

Over the past 30 years, a great deal of research has investigated the potential usefulness of early warning models as offsite supervisory tools. Accurate offsite models allow bank supervisors to...

A manual review of applications is an important component of statistically modeled fair lending exams. How files to review are identified affect both resource allocation and reliability of...

A dramatic rise in subprime foreclosures over the past several years has led to calls for restrictions of, or prohibitions against, a range of lending practices loosely termed "predatory." Several...

The problem in default probability estimation for low-default portfolios is that there is little reverent historical data information. No amount of data processing can fix this problem. More...

The Basel II Accord requires participating banks to quantify operational risk according to a matrix of business lines and event types. Proper modeling of univariate loss distributions and dependence...

Bank-specific determinants of bank failure during the financial crisis in Colombia are identified and studied using duration analysis. The process of failure of banks and related financial...

Most community banks have been unable to increase dramatically the percentage of their revenue coming from non-traditional sources and so remain reliant on the net income generated by traditional...

This paper studies residential mortgage loss given default using a large set of historical loan-level default and recovery data of high loan-to-value mortgages from several private mortgage insurance...

This paper exploits a unique panel of U.S. community banks to re-examine the role of regulatory oversight in disciplining bank management and to consider the effect of such regulatory-linked...