Reference

Koa (Acacia koa A. Gray) wood is a culturally important and economically valu-able hardwood species in the Hawaiian Islands. It is native to Hawaii, found primar-ily on the larger of the islands, and...

Biomass residue produced by timber harvest operations is estimated for the Olym-pic and Kitsap Peninsulas, Washington. Scattered residues were sampled in 53 harvest units and piled residues were...

This guidebook describes Fox Hollow Research Natural Area (RNA), a 66-ha (163-ac) area that supports dry-site Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)-ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest within the...

This guidebook describes Upper Elk Meadows Research Natural Area (RNA), a 90-ha (223-ac) area that supports a mixture of coniferous forest and open, shrub- and herb-dominated wetlands. The major...

Fire behavior modeling and geospatial analysis can provide tremendous insight for land managers as they grapple with the complex problems frequently encountered in wildlife risk assessments and fire...

Internet worms are perceived to be one of the primary threats to the nation's information technology infrastructure. They are a significant cause for concern from both financial and network security...

The Secure Flight program, as implemented pursuant to the 2008 Secure Flight Final Rule, requires commercial aircraft operators traveling to, from, within, or overflying the United States to collect...

When federal agencies and programs lack funding after the expiration of full-year or interim appropriations, the agencies and programs experience a funding gap. If funding does not resume in time to...

Numerous federal, state, and local agencies share responsibilities for regulating the safety of the U.S. food supply. Federal responsibility for food safety rests primarily with the Food and Drug...

While many legislative proposals introduced in a given Congress may have implications for rural America, Congress has generally expressed concern with economic development of rural communities within...

The 109th Congress provided the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) with statutory authority to regulate chemical facilities for security purposes through Section 550 of the Department of Homeland...

Student loan forgiveness and loan repayment programs provide borrowers a means of having all or part of their student loan debt forgiven or repaid in exchange for work or service in specific fields...

New sources of crude oil from North Dakota, Texas, and western Canada have induced new routes for shipping crude oil to U.S. and Canadian refineries. While pipelines have traditionally been the...

Although "too big to fail" (TBTF) has been a perennial policy issue, it was highlighted by the near-collapse of several large financial firms in 2008. Financial firms are said to be TBTF when policy...

Indigenous populations are projected to face disproportionate impacts as a result of climate change in comparison to non indigenous populations. For this reason, many Indian and Alaska Native tribes...

Changes in human land patterns have wide-ranging social, economic and ecological implications. How urban and residential areas develop to accommodate population increase can have varying effects on...

This report summarizes practical energy management strategies that could help communities in southeast Alaska move closer to energy independence while utilizing local resources more effectively. Our...

The economic linkages between national forests and surrounding communities have become increasingly imprint in recent years. One way national forests contribute to the economics of surrounding...

Existing models and predictions project serious changes to worldwide hydrologic processes as a result of global climate change. Projections indicate that significant change may threaten National...

The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) is a software module that records wildland fuel characteristics and calculates potential fire behavior and hazard potentials based on input...

This report provides new cost estimates for carbon sequestration through affor-estation in the United States. We extend existing studies of carbon sequestration costs in several important ways, while...

Carbon storage and flux estimates for the two national forests in Alaska are provided using inventory data from permanent plots established in 1995-2003 and remeasured in 2004-2010. Estimates of...

This guide describes major biological and physical attributes of the 243-ha (600-ac) Round Top Butte Research Natural Area. The area supports high-quality examples of valley upland grasslands and...

This report updates data and comparisons from previous reports (Curtis and others 2000, Curtis 2008) on a series of precommercial thinning and yield trials in high-elevation true fir-hemlock stands,...

Guidelines for the production and aerial application of wood shred mulch as a post-fire hillslope treatment were developed from laboratory and field studies, several field operations, and the...

This review synthesizes the stat of knowledge on fire effects on vegetation and soils in semi-arid ecosystems in the Great Basin Region, including the central and northern Great Basin and Range,...

Treasury's Office of Homeownership Preservation within the Office of Financial Stability, which administers Treasury's TARP-related efforts, is tasked with finding ways to help prevent avoidable...

The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148) allows certain individuals and small businesses to buy qualified health insurance through state exchanges. The exchanges are...

We describe a protocol to monitor the effectiveness of the Tongass Land Management Plan (TLMP) management standards for maintaining fish habitat. The protocol uses juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus...

In recent years, interest has increased in restoring Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.) and prairie landscapes in the Pacific Northwest, especially where elements of historical plant...