American Medical Publishers

The sensory system used for smelling or olfaction is called olfactory system or sense of smell. The overall olfactory system is divided into two types, namely, the main olfactory system and the...

The spinal cord and the brain together form the central nervous system (CNS). A CNS tumor develops when healthy cells in the brain or spinal cord start growing uncontrollably forming a mass. CNS...

Tumor, also known as neoplasm, is a mass or group of tissues that is formed as a result of abnormal growth. It can appear anywhere on the body. Bone, tissues, skin, glands, and organs, all can be...

A liver transplant is a surgical procedure that involves the replacement of a diseased liver with a healthy liver received from a donor. It is used to treat conditions such as chronic or acute liver...

The medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases is known as ophthalmology. The surgical sub-specialty within this field is known as ophthalmic surgery. It involves...

Ophthalmology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders related to the eyes and visual system. It seeks to provide medical and surgical care for a wide...

Ophthalmology is a medical specialty that focuses on diagnosing and treating eye disorders. Common eye disorders include refractive errors, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular...

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis and surgical management of conditions affecting the face, jaws, mouth and neck. Some of the key...

Osteoimmunology refers to a field of study that investigates the interface between the skeletal system and the immune system, also known as the osteoimmune system. It also investigates the components...

Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body. Free radicals refer to oxygen containing molecules consisting of uneven number of electrons. Oxidation...

Paraplegia refers to an impairment in sensory or motor function of the lower extremities. It is commonly caused by congenital condition or spinal cord injury, which impacts the neural elements of the...

Parasitology is a scientific discipline that is concerned with the study of the biology of parasites and parasitic diseases. A parasitic disease caused by infection with tiny tapeworms of the genus...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity and resting tremor. This disease has motor and non-motor symptoms. Some of the common symptoms of...

Pathogenic bacteria are a type of bacteria which can cause several diseases. Several species of bacteria are not harmful and are beneficial to humans but some can spread infectious diseases. Certain...

Liver cancer refers to a cancer that affects the liver. It is grouped in two categories, namely, primary liver cancer and secondary liver cancer. Primary cancer develops in the liver and is...

Pulmonary fibrosis refers to a type of lung disease in which the lung tissue is scarred and injured. It also affects alveoli and connective tissue of the lungs. There are various symptoms of...

Autism refers to a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication along with confined and repetitive behaviors. It is thought to be caused by a combination of...

Pediatrics and neonatal care refers to a type of medical specialty that cares for newborn infants, premature babies, young children and teenagers. It focuses on various fields including pulmonary...

Pediatric dentistry, also known as pedodontics, is a branch of dentistry that focuses on the dental care and oral health of infants, children and adolescents. One of the major aspects of pediatric...

Probiotics are dietary foods or supplements that include viable microorganisms which affect the microflora of the host. Their use is beneficial in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and...

Pediatric sepsis is a medical condition, which involves a severe inflammatory response in the body that can lead to tissue damage and organ failure in children. Premature babies and infants are most...

Periodontology, also known as periodontics, is a dental specialty that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and conditions that affect the supporting structures of the...

Epigenetics is the study of heritable phenotype changes that do not entail changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic abnormalities have emerged as the most promising biomarkers for diagnosis and...

Pharmacogenomics is a field of research that studies the role of genome in drug response. It involves the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. This field integrates pharmacology...

Pharmacokinetics (PK) determines the outcome of substances which are administered in the human body and involves drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes. Drug...

Purine receptors are a type of plasma membrane molecules found in nearly all mammalian tissues. They are classified into three categories and include P1 receptors, P2X receptors, and P2Y receptors...

Pharmacology is a branch of medicine concerned with the interaction of drugs with the systems and processes of living animals. It is involved in the mechanisms of drug action along with therapeutic...

Single membrane channels are created through combination of two distinct membrane protein families, pannexins and connexins. These channels function as aqueous pores absorbent to small molecules and...

Maternal-fetal medicine refers to a subdivision of medicine that aims to manage the health concerns of the fetus and mother before, during and after the delivery of the baby. It is concerned with...

An ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to generate the images of various structures inside the body. Point of care ultrasound is the use of ultrasound for making immediate decisions...