American Medical Publishers

Osteoimmunology is the study of the correlation between bone and immune cells. It emphasizes the two sided communication that takes place among the immune cells and bones. The interactions taking...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. It can be categorized on the basis of severity, mechanism or other characteristics. Causes of brain injury can be...

The craniofacial complex encases the brain along with other organs for vital functions of the body, such as taste, mastication, vision, smell, breathing, hearing and balance. The fusion, patterning,...

Reproductive medicine refers to a branch of medicine that studies the female and male reproductive systems. Family planning, infertility, sexual education, diseases of the reproductive system,...

Respiratory diseases and infections refer to those diseases that inhibit the lungs and respiratory system from functioning normally. These conditions negatively impact the tissues and organs which...

Respiratory diseases are a group of pathological conditions that affect parts of respiratory system and lungs. These diseases can be classified into three categories, namely, obstructive lung...

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) refers to a type of breathing disorder that occurs in newborns. Those babies who are born prematurely suffer from this syndrome, as their lungs are not fully...

Humans can breathe due to the presence of the respiratory system which comprises nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs), commonly called respiratory...

Human respiratory system is composed of oropharynx, nose, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. The basic function of the respiratory system is to perform gas exchange between the...

Rheumatic diseases or rheumatism are disorders that cause inflammation of the joints or connective tissue. The main cause of rheumatic disease is the malfunctioning of the immune system that attacks...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refers to an autoimmune disorder that affects the joints. It usually causes painful, swollen and warm joints. The joints of knees, hands and wrists are affected by RA. In...

Rheumatology refers to a subspecialty of pediatrics and internal medicine that focuses on the joints, soft tissues and heritable connective tissue disorders. This discipline is also concerned with...

Rheumatology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases. There are more than hundred types of rheumatic diseases. Some of the common ones include...

Rotavirus is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae. It is the most common cause of diarrhea and other intestinal symptoms. It is contagious and most commonly affects infants...

Safety pharmacology deals with the detection and analysis of the potential adverse pharmacodynamic and pharmacological effects of new chemical entities (NCEs) on physiological processes, apart from...

Salutogenesis is an approach to human health that focuses on factors that support human health and well-being rather than on factors that cause disease. It studies the origins of health and also the...

Salutogenesis is an approach to human health that focuses on factors that support human health and well-being rather than on factors that cause disease. It studies the origins of health and also the...

Schizophrenia refers to a mental disorder characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and disorganized thinking are its major symptoms...

Schizophrenia is a mental illness, which involves relapsing and continuous incidences of psychosis. The genetic risk factor of schizophrenia is the occurrence of disease in a first degree family...

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) refers to a field of study and medical care. It investigates the sexual well-being and condition of a person's reproductive system in all stages of their life...

Sirtuins refer to a class of signaling proteins involved in metabolic regulation. They are members of the class III family of NAD-dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC). They are involved in a variety...

Skeletal muscle is one of the three major muscle tissues found in humans. It is made up of thousands of muscle fibers encased by connective tissue sheaths. It is present throughout the body and...

Skin diseases refer to various diseases affecting the skin. There are several types of skin diseases, such as pemphigus, atopic dermatitis, eczema, skin cancer, vitiligo, acne, rosacea, psoriasis,...

Sleep disorders are a group of medical conditions that impair the ability to sleep well on a regular basis. Some common signs and symptoms of sleep disorders are irregular sleep and wake cycle,...

Sleep medicine is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. Sleep disorders are a group of conditions that affect the normal sleep patterns. There...

Spatial hearing refers to an innate human ability, which enables the people to determine the direction of a sound source. In normal conditions, people can engage in spatial hearing effortlessly...

A spermatozoon or spermatozoa (plural) refers to a motile sperm cell which is the male gamete. It is also called sperm cell. Sperm differentiation is a complicated series of morphological changes...

Nutrition can improve the performance of athletes. The vitamin and mineral needs of an athlete can be covered by a well-planned nutrient-rich diet. The diet should also include adequate protein to...

Sports nutrition refers to the study and application of diet and nutrition to enhance athletic performance. Nutrition plays a significant role in many sports training regimens, particularly in...

Stem cell therapy represents the use of stem cells for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. The researches in the field of stem cells can aid in an increased understanding of disease...